Tax season is a lot more complicated for entrepreneurs than it is for regular employees. And to make things even more stressful, the same penalties apply for not filing your taxes correctly.
Many business owners are unsure of how to deal with deferred revenue in particular.
In the tax and accounting world, deferred revenue refers to the payments a business receives from its customers before they’re actually earned, meaning the prepaid goods and services haven’t been provided yet.
For businesses that report taxes on the cash basis, deferred revenue is irrelevant, because income is always reported in the year it’s received. Accrual basis taxpayers, however, are able to delay paying tax on the revenue until a future tax year.
Businesses with deferred revenue must disclose this information in their financial statements in order to comply with GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). Deferred revenue is reported as a liability on the balance sheet until such time as the goods or services have been delivered, at which point it’s reported as income on the income statement.
Let’s take a look at everything you need to know about deferred revenue tax treatment.
What Exactly Qualifies as Deferred Revenue?
Many businesses keep track of their finances as their goods or services are provided. A conventional store, for example, only has an influx of cash when something is sold. But, things can get a bit more complicated when your customers pay for something that you haven’t provided yet.
You can look at this as receiving revenue that you haven’t earned yet, which is what classifies it as ‘deferred.’ This comes into play during tax season since the amount the business owes the IRS may differ from their reported tax expense.
This type of income reporting is known as the…
Accrual Method of Deferred Revenue for Tax Purposes
This refers to a company’s financial recordkeeping reporting expenses on a non-cash basis. To clarify, a company only reports tax revenue during the year that it’s earned, even if the payment was received during a different year. As you can expect, this becomes especially relevant for companies that tend to see a spike in sales around the holidays.
The main benefit of this method of tax reporting is that you can essentially push back your tax obligations for further periods of time, leaving you with more cash to invest or scale with.
If your company has significant debt or overhead in its early stages, taking advantage of deferred revenue can be highly beneficial.
How to Define When Revenue Is Earned
As previously mentioned, businesses that provide goods or services to customers at the time of payment don’t deal with deferred revenue. This is because both the revenue and provision occur simultaneously.
For a payment to legally be considered revenue earned, a business must have the legal right to collect it from the buyer.
Let’s take a brief look at how revenue earned is defined for both goods and services.
Deferred Revenue For Goods
For revenue to be considered ‘earned’ in these scenarios, it’s commonly the date of shipment or the time the customer accepts the delivery.
Both of these situations are considered fulfilling the customer’s paid order.
It’s essential, though, to choose which one of the above events you consider to be earned revenue, as your tax reporting will need to reflect that decision from year to year consistently.
Deferred Revenue For Services
The concept here is similar, but not identical.It must be established between the business and client when the services are going to be fulfilled. If the services are fulfilled within the next tax year, then your deferment can only be for one year.
If you can conclude that you won’t be finished fulfilling the agreed-upon services within two tax years (or can’t determine a date at all), then you must report your revenue during the year that you receive it.
Examples of Deferred Revenue
To better understand the circumstances in which deferred revenue applies, read on to explore these briefly two examples.
Deferred Revenue Example A:
Michael owns an apartment building. He rents the building’s four units to a total of eight tenants.
The average monthly gross payment for rent he receives from all tenants total is $8,000. But, one day, the tenants of one unit decide to pay the next six months in rent in advance for a total of $12,000.
Since a rent payment is for the right to reside in the building for a calendar month, revenue from rent can’t be considered ‘earned’ until that month has been reached.
So, at the time of payment, this $12,000 is considered deferred revenue, and $2,000 is classified as earned every month. Additionally, since three of those six months occur within the next calendar year, $6,000 can be reported during the following year’s tax season.
Deferred Revenue Example B:
David is the owner of an advertising company. A local small business employs his firm to overhaul its brand over the next 12 months.
They pay $20,000 upfront for these services. Since it’s been established that the advertising agency’s services won’t be fulfilled until the following year, they haven’t legally earned revenue during the current year despite being paid $20,000.
They can then use this money as they see fit without having to worry about that year’s tax obligations.
What to Do If You Need Help
Given how convoluted tax laws can be, it’s not impossible (or even uncommon) for some entrepreneurs to run into trouble with the IRS.
If you’ve found yourself receiving letters from the Internal Revenue Service, notices of an audit, etc., it’s essential to consult a legal professional immediately who specializes in this area.
A reliable professional is your best way to get back on track and prevent any issues from occurring in the future.
Proper Deferred Revenue Tax Treatment Can Seem Difficult
But it doesn’t have to be. With the above information about deferred revenue tax treatment in mind, you’ll be well on your way to ensuring that you follow the proper guidelines this tax season.
Not sure if you already owe the IRS? Get answers from the experts today.
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